# Cloudhim

> Run your own server without an ops team

## Pages

- [About](https://mail.cloudhim.com/about): Cloudhim is a technical publication about running cloud infrastructure in practice, not in theory. We write about deploy…
- [Contact Us](https://mail.cloudhim.com/contact-us): Get in touch with Cloudhim. Reach out with questions, feedback, or partnership inquiries at contact@cloudhim.com.
- [Disclaimer](https://mail.cloudhim.com/disclaimer): Last updated: August 2026 This Disclaimer applies to all content published on cloudhim.com (the "Site") and should be re…
- [Privacy Policy](https://mail.cloudhim.com/privacy-policy): Last updated: 17 October 2026 This Privacy Policy explains how Cloudhim ("Cloudhim," "we," "us," or "our") handles infor…
- [Start Here](https://mail.cloudhim.com/start-here): New to running your own VPS? Read these Cloudhim guides in order: lock down SSH, set up a firewall, host your apps, keep…
- [Terms & Conditions](https://mail.cloudhim.com/terms-and-conditions): Last updated: August 2026 These Terms & Conditions ("Terms") govern your access to and use of cloudhim.com (the "Site")…

## Latest articles

- [Cloudflare Workers Free Plan Limits (2026): Requests, CPU and What Happens When You Go Over](https://mail.cloudhim.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-workers-free-plan-limits): Every Cloudflare Workers free plan limit in one place: 100,000 requests a day, 10 ms CPU, KV, D1 and R2 allowances, what Error 1027 means, and when the $5 paid…
- [Laravel Cloud vs Railway vs Render vs a VPS: What the Same App Costs in 2027](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/laravel-cloud-vs-railway-vs-render-vps-cost): One always-on Laravel app with a database, Redis and a queue worker, priced on Laravel Cloud, Railway, Render and a Hetzner or DigitalOcean VPS using each provi…
- [Vultr Pricing (2026): Every Cloud Compute Plan, Backups, Bandwidth and VX1](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/vultr-pricing): Vultr starts at $2.50 a month (IPv6 only) or $3.50 with IPv4. 1 GB costs $5, 2 GB $10 and 4 GB $20 on Regular Performance, or $6, $12 and $24 on High Performanc…
- [Redis "MISCONF … Unable to Persist to Disk": Find the Real Cause and Fix It](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/redis-misconf-unable-to-persist-to-disk-fix): Redis suddenly rejects every write with "MISCONF Redis is configured to save RDB snapshots". Here is how to find out why the snapshot failed (a full disk, wrong…
- [Redis "OOM Command Not Allowed When Used Memory > 'maxmemory'": The Fix and the volatile-lru Trap](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/redis-oom-command-not-allowed-maxmemory-fix): Redis refuses writes with "OOM command not allowed when used memory > 'maxmemory'" because it has a memory limit but no eviction policy. Here is the one-line fi…
- [PostgreSQL "Peer Authentication Failed" and "Password Authentication Failed" on Ubuntu: The Fix for Laravel](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/postgresql-peer-password-authentication-failed-laravel): Why a new PostgreSQL user fails with "Peer authentication failed" from the command line and "password authentication failed" from Laravel, how Ubuntu's pg_hba.c…
- [New Ubuntu 26.04 VPS? The First-Hour Setup Checklist (and What Changed Since 24.04)](https://mail.cloudhim.com/server-setup/ubuntu-26-04-vps-initial-server-setup-checklist): Everything to do in the first hour on a fresh Ubuntu 26.04 LTS server, in order: a sudo user, SSH keys, the firewall, automatic security updates, swap and time…
- ["No Space Left on Device" on a VPS: Find What Filled the Disk and Stop It Happening Again](https://mail.cloudhim.com/server-setup/no-space-left-on-device-vps-disk-full-fix): Your VPS disk is full and MySQL, Docker or apt is failing. Here is how to find what is using the space in a few minutes (Docker images and logs, the systemd jou…
- ["Server Reached pm.max_children Setting": How to Size PHP-FPM for a Small VPS](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/php-fpm-server-reached-pm-max-children-fix): The PHP-FPM warning "server reached pm.max_children setting (5)" means requests are queueing behind five busy workers. Here is how to work out the right number…
- [KVM VPS, Shared vCPU or Dedicated vCPU? What the Plan Names Actually Mean](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/kvm-vps-shared-vs-dedicated-vcpu-explained): "KVM VPS", "shared vCPU" and "dedicated vCPU" decide how your server behaves under load, not just what it costs. Here is what each means, how to check what you…
- [Hetzner vs DigitalOcean vs Vultr vs Linode: 2027 VPS Prices Compared Plan for Plan](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/hetzner-vs-digitalocean-vs-vultr-vs-linode-vps-pricing-2027): The same 1 GB, 2 GB and 4 GB VPS at Hetzner, DigitalOcean, Vultr and Akamai (Linode), side by side for 2027: monthly price, included traffic, backups and what y…
- [Cloudflare Workers Now Has On-Demand Profiling: Find CPU and Memory Problems in Production](https://mail.cloudhim.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-workers-on-demand-profiling-flamegraphs): Cloudflare now lets you capture CPU and memory profiles from live Workers and Durable Objects and read them as flamegraphs. Here is how it works, what it found…
- [PHP2Shell: Critical PHP Vulnerability Under Attack. Check and Patch Your Server Now](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/php2shell-cve-2026-109618-check-patch-php-server): Two critical PHP flaws (CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619) allow remote code execution and are being exploited. Here is how to check your server, patch it, an…
- [Docker Ignores Your UFW Rules. Here's How to Check Your Own Server](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/docker-bypasses-ufw-published-ports-fix): Docker writes its own firewall rules, so UFW can say a port is blocked while a container port stays open to the internet. Here is how to check your own server a…
- [CVE-2026-87902: A Critical WordPress Core RCE Flaw Under Active Attack](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/cve-2026-87902-wordpress-core-rce-vulnerability): CVE-2026-87902 is a critical WordPress core RCE flaw, no plugin needed, affecting every version from 4.7 through 7.1.1. Here's how it works, why Docker and cPan…
- [Laravel Version Support Schedule Going Into 2027: Which to Run](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/laravel-version-support-schedule-2027): Laravel 11 has had no security fixes since March 2026, and Laravel 12 loses its last security patches on February 24, 2027. Here's the full official Laravel sup…
- [DigitalOcean Droplet Pricing (2026): Every Plan, Per-Second Billing and v5 Droplets](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/digitalocean-droplet-pricing-2026): DigitalOcean Basic Droplets cost $4 (512 MiB), $6 (1 GiB), $12 (2 GiB), $24 (4 GiB) and $48 (8 GiB) a month. The full price table, what per-second billing chang…
- [The Complete Backup Strategy for a Solo-Run VPS: Five Layers, One Runbook](https://mail.cloudhim.com/docker-self-hosting/complete-vps-backup-strategy-solo-developers): Restic backups, uptime monitoring, provider outages, and certificate renewal are usually written about one at a time. Here is how all five layers of a real VPS…
- [PHP End of Life Dates for Every Version (8.1 to 8.5) and How to Upgrade](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/php-end-of-life-schedule-2027): PHP 8.1 is already end of life and PHP 8.2 follows on December 31, 2026, the same day PHP 8.4 loses active support. Every PHP version's dates in one table, whic…
- [The Events Calendar Had Two Critical RCE Flaws. Here's What to Check](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/the-events-calendar-cve-2026-78006-78159-wordpress): Two critical, unauthenticated CVEs (CVSS 9.8) hit The Events Calendar plugin a day apart, putting 600,000+ WordPress sites at risk. Here's what each attack path…
- [Hetzner CX23 Pricing (Formerly CX22) for 2027: Every Cloud Plan and What You Can Order](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/hetzner-cx22-pricing-2026): Hetzner CX22 is now CX23 at €5.99/month for 2 vCPU and 4 GB RAM, and the new CPX02 is the cheapest plan at €6.49. Full 2027 price tables for CX, CAX and CPX in…
- [Specified Key Was Too Long: The Real Fix, Not the One-Liner Everyone Copies](https://mail.cloudhim.com/php-laravel-wordpress/specified-key-too-long-767-bytes-laravel): The usual fix for this Laravel migration error caps every unspecified string column at 191 characters, not just the one that failed. Here is a targeted fix inst…
- [Nginx Shows 502 But Your App Is Running? Check This IPv6 Localhost Trap](https://mail.cloudhim.com/server-setup/nginx-502-bad-gateway-app-running-ipv6-localhost): Nginx shows 502 Bad Gateway but your app is confirmed running? Check for an IPv4 vs IPv6 localhost mismatch in proxy_pass. Here is how to spot it in the error l…
- [Expose a Self-Hosted App Without Opening a Port: Cloudflare Tunnel Explained](https://mail.cloudhim.com/cloudflare/cloudflare-tunnel-self-hosted-app-no-open-ports): Cloudflare Tunnel lets you expose a self-hosted app to the internet without opening a single port, using an outbound-only connection instead. Here is the setup…
- [Laravel Cloud vs a VPS: When Managed Laravel Hosting Is Actually Worth It](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/laravel-cloud-vs-vps-cost-comparison): Laravel Cloud added a genuinely usage-based, hibernation-enabled entry plan, changing the math against a plain VPS for a small project. Here is what you get for…
- [PHP Supply Chain Attacks Are Rising. Here Is What Composer Actually Catches](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/composer-supply-chain-security-package-json-risk): Composer added real malware protection this year through composer audit and Packagist's new scanning, but a recent attack hid malicious code in package.json ins…
- [Your Build Pipeline Runs npm Install Too. Here's How to Protect It From Supply Chain Attacks](https://mail.cloudhim.com/security/npm-supply-chain-attacks-protect-build-pipeline): 2026 has had a steady run of npm supply chain attacks hitting packages with hundreds of millions of weekly downloads. If your build pipeline runs npm install fo…
- [Let's Encrypt Is Shortening Certificate Lifetimes. Here's Why Caddy Users Don't Need to Worry](https://mail.cloudhim.com/docker-self-hosting/caddy-lets-encrypt-shorter-certificates-no-action-needed): Let's Encrypt is shortening certificate lifetimes over the next few years, and a lot of advice is telling people to check their renewal automation. If you use C…
- [Tailscale Now Bills Every Seat, Even Idle Ones. Here's How to Clean Yours Up](https://mail.cloudhim.com/pricing-costs/tailscale-seat-billing-idle-seats-cleanup): Tailscale switched to seat-based billing in April 2026, meaning you now pay for every assigned seat whether it's used or not. Here's how to find and remove the…
- [Caddy 2.11.3 Broke Multi-App Configs. Here's What Changed and How to Fix It](https://mail.cloudhim.com/docker-self-hosting/caddy-2-11-3-broke-multi-app-configs-here-s-what-changed-and-how-to-fix-it): Caddy 2.11.3 shipped a regression that breaks Caddyfiles using multiple localhost-based site blocks on different ports, exactly the pattern from our multi-app V…

## Topics

- [Security](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/security): 16 articles
- [PHP, Laravel & WordPress](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/php-laravel-wordpress): 15 articles
- [Pricing & Costs](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/pricing-costs): 11 articles
- [Server Setup](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/server-setup): 8 articles
- [Cloudflare](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/cloudflare): 7 articles
- [Docker & Self-Hosting](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/docker-self-hosting): 7 articles
- [Backups & Storage](https://mail.cloudhim.com/category/backups-storage): 5 articles

## Tools

- [Tools](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools): the directory of every tool
- [DNS Lookup](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/dns-lookup): Look up a domain’s DNS records: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, NS, TXT, SOA, CAA, SRV and DMARC, or the name behind an IP address.
- [JSON Formatter & Validator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/json-formatter): Pretty-print, minify and validate JSON, with clear error messages that point to the line and column.
- [Nginx Config Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/nginx-config-generator): Build a complete Nginx server block for Laravel, WordPress, any PHP app, a static site or a reverse proxy, with HTTPS, redirects and security headers.
- [Open Port Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/open-port-checker): Check whether a port on your server is reachable from the internet, or scan for databases and admin services that should not be public.
- [SSH Config Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/ssh-config-checker): Paste sshd_config or sshd -T output to find password logins, root login, weak ciphers and other risky settings, with a ready-made fix.
- [Subnet Calculator (IPv4 & IPv6)](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/subnet-calculator): Work out the network, broadcast, mask, host range and size of any IPv4 or IPv6 subnet, and split it into smaller ones.
- [robots.txt Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/robots-txt-generator): Build a robots.txt file: block admin and search pages, choose which AI crawlers may read your site, add sitemaps, and test any URL against the rules.
- [Base64 Encoder & Decoder](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/base64-encoder-decoder): Encode text to Base64 and decode it back, with full UTF-8 support and the URL-safe alphabet.
- [Chmod Calculator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/chmod-calculator): Convert Linux file permissions between octal (755), symbolic (rwxr-xr-x) and chmod’s u=,g=,o= form, with special bits explained.
- [DNS Propagation Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/dns-propagation-checker): See whether a DNS change has reached 18 public resolvers worldwide, compared with what your domain’s own name servers say.
- [Docker Compose Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/docker-compose-generator): Generate compose.yaml for a Laravel, WordPress, Node.js or static stack, with MySQL, MariaDB or PostgreSQL, Redis, healthchecks and Caddy HTTPS.
- [HTTP Headers Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/http-headers-checker): See the status code and every response header a web address returns, hop by hop, with timings and what each header does.
- [UFW Firewall Rule Builder](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/ufw-rule-builder): Tick the services your server runs and get ufw commands in a safe order, with SSH first, private databases locked to one IP and no lockouts.
- [XML Sitemap Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/sitemap-generator): Crawl your site and get a sitemap.xml with only the pages search engines should index, plus a list of pages left out and why. Or paste a list of URLs.
- [Content Security Policy Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/csp-generator): Build a Content-Security-Policy header from the services your site uses, check it for weaknesses and copy it for Nginx, Apache or a meta tag.
- [Email Deliverability Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/email-deliverability-checker): Check a domain’s mail setup in one go: MX, SPF, DKIM, DMARC, MTA-STS, reverse DNS of the mail servers and a live SMTP test with STARTTLS.
- [Security Headers Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/security-headers-checker): Check a site’s HTTPS and security headers (HSTS, Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options and more) and its cookies, with advice on each.
- [Supervisor & systemd Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/supervisor-systemd-generator): Create a Supervisor program or a systemd service for Laravel queue workers, Horizon, Reverb, Node.js or Python apps, with the commands to start it.
- [URL Encoder & Decoder](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/url-encoder-decoder): Percent-encode text for URLs and decode encoded strings, with a breakdown of a URL’s parts and query parameters.
- [Uptime & SLA Calculator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/uptime-calculator): See how much downtime an availability target allows per day, month and year, turn an outage into a percentage, and combine components.
- [llms.txt Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/llms-txt-generator): Write an llms.txt file that tells AI assistants what your site is and where its best pages are. Import pages from your site or add them by hand.
- [.htaccess to Nginx Converter](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/htaccess-to-nginx-converter): Paste an .htaccess file and get the Nginx equivalent: rewrite rules, redirects, HTTPS and www rules, access rules, headers and caching.
- [Bandwidth & Transfer Time Calculator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/bandwidth-calculator): Estimate how long a file takes to transfer at a given speed, and convert between monthly traffic and average bandwidth.
- [Favicon & Web App Manifest Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/favicon-generator): Turn an image or a letter into favicon.ico, Apple touch and Android icons, a maskable icon and site.webmanifest, with the HTML tags. Made in your browser.
- [IP Blacklist Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/ip-blacklist-checker): Check whether a server’s IP address is on 15 email and abuse blacklists, with its reverse DNS, network owner and how to get delisted.
- [Redirect Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/redirect-checker): Trace every redirect from a web address to its final page: status codes, where each hop goes, loops and slow chains.
- [UUID Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/uuid-generator): Generate random version 4 or time-ordered version 7 UUIDs with your browser’s secure random generator, and inspect any UUID.
- [htpasswd Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/htpasswd-generator): Create password lines for Nginx and Apache basic authentication with bcrypt or APR1, hashed in your browser.
- [.htaccess Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/htaccess-generator): Build an Apache .htaccess file: HTTPS and www redirects, moved pages, WordPress and Laravel rules, security, caching, compression, error pages and password protection.
- [RAID Calculator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/raid-calculator): Compare usable capacity, fault tolerance and speed for RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, 50 and 60 with any number of disks.
- [SSL Certificate Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/ssl-certificate-checker): Check a server’s SSL/TLS certificate: who issued it, the names it covers, when it expires, the chain and the TLS version in use.
- [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/timestamp-converter): Convert Unix timestamps in seconds, milliseconds, microseconds or nanoseconds to dates in UTC and your time zone, and back.
- [Website Down Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/website-down-checker): Is a site down for everyone or just you? Check it from Cloudhim’s server: DNS, connection, status code, response time and what went wrong.
- [security.txt Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/security-txt-generator): Write a valid /.well-known/security.txt so researchers know how to report a vulnerability, or check an existing one against RFC 9116.
- [Cron Expression Generator](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/cron-expression-generator): Build a cron schedule from simple choices or check one you have, with a plain-English explanation and the next run times.
- [Data Size Converter](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/data-size-converter): Convert between bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, and bits, and see why a 1 TB drive shows as 931 GB.
- [TLS Version Checker](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/tls-version-checker): See which TLS versions a server accepts (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3), the cipher for each, and whether it offers HTTP/2, HTTP/3 and HSTS.
- [What Is My IP Address](https://mail.cloudhim.com/tools/what-is-my-ip): See your public IP address as servers see it, with its reverse DNS name, network (ASN), provider and country.

## Optional

- [Full text of the site](https://mail.cloudhim.com/llms-full.txt): every page and recent article as plain text
- [RSS feed](https://mail.cloudhim.com/feed): the newest articles
- [Sitemap](https://mail.cloudhim.com/sitemap.xml): every public URL